Exploring Parenting Styles and Their Impact on Child Development in the Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/yz9fkk66Keywords:
Parenting Styles, Child Development, Family Environment, Community Influence, Cultural FactorsAbstract
This research explores the relationship between parenting styles and child development in the community context. It delves into the various parenting styles, including authoritarian, democratic, permissive, and others, and examines their distinctive characteristics and effects on children's physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. The study acknowledges the significance of the family environment in shaping a child's growth and development. It emphasizes that positive parenting practices, such as a balanced and democratic approach, tend to foster a healthy and independent developmental trajectory. However, it also underscores the influence of various factors such as culture, education, personal experiences, and socioeconomic context in determining parenting choices and practices. Furthermore, the research highlights the role of the broader community and the surrounding environment in influencing parenting styles. It discusses how schools, peer groups, and media contribute to the formation of parenting patterns. The practical implications of this research are substantial. The findings can be used to develop parent education programs, psychological support services, and community awareness campaigns aimed at promoting healthy parenting practices. Policymakers can also consider the research outcomes in designing policies that support families in adopting positive parenting approaches. Despite its valuable insights, the study acknowledges certain limitations, including sample constraints and the use of secondary data. Thus, there is room for further in-depth and extensive research in this area. In conclusion, this research significantly contributes to our understanding of parenting styles and their impact on child development in the community. It lays the foundation for efforts to promote healthier parenting practices and better child development in the futureReferences
Ansari, N. J. R., Dhongade, R. K., Lad, P. S., Borade, A., Suvarna, Y. G., Yadav, V., Mehetre, A., & Kulkarni, R. (2016). Study of parental perceptions on health & social needs of children with neuro-developmental disability and it’s impact on the family. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 10(12), SC16.
Berk, L. (2015). Child development. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Bernardi, L., Mortelmans, D., & Larenza, O. (2018). Changing lone parents, changing life courses. Lone Parenthood in the Life Course, 1–26.
Bögels, S. M., & Brechman-Toussaint, M. L. (2006). Family issues in child anxiety: Attachment, family functioning, parental rearing and beliefs. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(7), 834–856.
Bornstein, M. H. (2003). Positive parenting and positive development in children. Handbook of Applied Developmental Science: Promoting Positive Child, Adolescent, and Family Development through Research, Policies, and Programs, 1, 187–209.
Boyle, M. H., Jenkins, J. M., Georgiades, K., Cairney, J., Duku, E., & Racine, Y. (2004). Differential‐maternal parenting behavior: Estimating within‐and between‐family effects on children. Child Development, 75(5), 1457–1476.
Breinholst, S., Esbjørn, B. H., Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., & Stallard, P. (2012). CBT for the treatment of child anxiety disorders: A review of why parental involvement has not enhanced outcomes. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 416–424.
Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., Perez-Escamilla, R., Rao, N., Ip, P., & Fernald, L. C. H. (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet, 389(10064), 91–102.
Butler, R., & Bauld, L. (2005). The parents’ experience: Coping with drug use in the family. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 12(1), 35–45.
Cetron, M. J., & Davies, O. (2005). Trends now shaping the future: Economic, societal, and environmental trends. The Futurist, 39(2), 27.
Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111–1119.
Christenson, S. L., Rounds, T., & Gorney, D. (1992). Family factors and student achievement: An avenue to increase students’ success. School Psychology Quarterly, 7(3), 178.
Damon, W., Menon, J., & Bronk, K. C. (2019). The development of purpose during adolescence. In Beyond the Self (pp. 119–128). Routledge.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (2017). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. In Interpersonal development (pp. 161–170). Routledge.
De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Te Velde, S. J., Maes, L., Pérez-Rodrigo, C., de Almeida, M. D. V, & Brug, J. (2009). General parenting styles are not strongly associated with fruit and vegetable intake and social–environmental correlates among 11-year-old children in four countries in Europe. Public Health Nutrition, 12(2), 259–266.
Deault, L. C. (2010). A systematic review of parenting in relation to the development of comorbidities and functional impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41, 168–192.
Eccles, J. S., & Harold, R. D. (1993). Parent-school involvement during the early adolescent years. Teachers College Record, 94(3), 568–587.
Ernst Kossek, E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work–family conflict, policies, and the job–life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior–human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 139.
Evans, S., Mikocka-Walus, A., Klas, A., Olive, L., Sciberras, E., Karantzas, G., & Westrupp, E. M. (2020). From “it has stopped our lives” to “spending more time together has strengthened bonds”: The varied experiences of Australian families during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 588667.
Garcia, O. F., Serra, E., Zacares, J. J., Calafat, A., & Garcia, F. (2020). Alcohol use and abuse and motivations for drinking and non-drinking among Spanish adolescents: do we know enough when we know parenting style? Psychology & Health, 35(6), 645–664.
Ge, X., Conger, R. D., Cadoret, R. J., Neiderhiser, J. M., Yates, W., Troughton, E., & Stewart, M. A. (1996). The developmental interface between nature and nurture: a mutual influence model of child antisocial behavior and parent behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 32(4), 574.
Graungaard, A. H., & Skov, L. (2007). Why do we need a diagnosis? A qualitative study of parents’ experiences, coping and needs, when the newborn child is severely disabled. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33(3), 296–307.
Greenfield, P. M. (2009). Linking social change and developmental change: shifting pathways of human development. Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 401.
Guo, G., & Harris, K. M. (2000). The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children’s intellectual development. Demography, 37, 431–447.
Hinds, P. S., Oakes, L. L., Hicks, J., Powell, B., Srivastava, D. K., Spunt, S. L., Harper, J., Baker, J. N., West, N. K., & Furman, W. L. (2009). “Trying to be a good parent” as defined by interviews with parents who made phase I, terminal care, and resuscitation decisions for their children. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(35), 5979.
Hines, E. M., & Holcomb‐McCoy, C. (2013). Parental characteristics, ecological factors, and the academic achievement of African American males. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91(1), 68–77.
Kohlberg, L. (1964). Development of moral character and moral ideology. Review of Child Development Research, 1, 383–431.
Kuppens, S., & Ceulemans, E. (2019). Parenting styles: A closer look at a well-known concept. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 168–181.
Lauer, L., Gould, D., Roman, N., & Pierce, M. (2010). Parental behaviors that affect junior tennis player development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(6), 487–496.
Lavrič, M., & Naterer, A. (2020). The power of authoritative parenting: A cross-national study of effects of exposure to different parenting styles on life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105274.
Lehman, B. J., & Repetti, R. L. (2007). Bad days don’t end when the school bell rings: The lingering effects of negative school events on children’s mood, self‐esteem, and perceptions of parent–child interaction. Social Development, 16(3), 596–618.
Leidy, M. S., Guerra, N. G., & Toro, R. I. (2010). Positive parenting, family cohesion, and child social competence among immigrant Latino families. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 252.
Li, X., & Xie, J. (2017). Parenting styles of Chinese families and children’s social-emotional and cognitive developmental outcomes. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(4), 637–650.
McNELIS, A. M., Buelow, J., Myers, J., & Johnson, E. A. N. N. (2007). Concerns and needs of children with epilepsy and their parents. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 21(4), 195–202.
Pena, D. C. (2000). Parent involvement: Influencing factors and implications. The Journal of Educational Research, 94(1), 42–54.
Scarr, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63(1), 1–19.
Singh, S. (2017). Parenting style in relation to children’s mental health and self-esteem: A review of literature. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 8(12).
Skokauskas, N., Fung, D., Flaherty, L. T., Von Klitzing, K., Pūras, D., Servili, C., Dua, T., Falissard, B., Vostanis, P., & Moyano, M. B. (2019). Shaping the future of child and adolescent psychiatry. In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health (Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 1–7). BioMed Central.
Spera, C. (2005). A review of the relationship among parenting practices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 125–146.
Tan, W. N., & Yasin, M. (2020). Parents’ roles and parenting styles on shaping children’s morality. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(3C), 70–76.
Tsui, A. S. (2009). Editor’s introduction–Autonomy of inquiry: Shaping the future of emerging scientific communities. Management and Organization Review, 5(1), 1–14.
Turiel, E. (2008). The development of morality. Child and Adolescent Development: An Advanced Course, 473–514.
Uji, M., Sakamoto, A., Adachi, K., & Kitamura, T. (2014). The impact of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles on children’s later mental health in Japan: Focusing on parent and child gender. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 293–302.
Vafaeenejad, Z., Elyasi, F., Moosazadeh, M., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2019). Psychological factors contributing to parenting styles: A systematic review. F1000Research, 7, 906.
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2006). The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2006: Adoption as intervention. Meta‐analytic evidence for massive catch‐up and plasticity in physical, socio‐emotional, and cognitive development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(12), 1228–1245.
Way, N., Okazaki, S., Zhao, J., Kim, J. J., Chen, X., Yoshikawa, H., Jia, Y., & Deng, H. (2013). Social and emotional parenting: Mothering in a changing Chinese society. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 61.
Wood, J. J., McLeod, B. D., Sigman, M., Hwang, W., & Chu, B. C. (2003). Parenting and childhood anxiety: Theory, empirical findings, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(1), 134–151.
Zaki, R. A. (2013). Enhancement the awareness of family care givers caring their children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of the general administration of intellectual education centers in the city of Abha. Journal of American Science, 9(8), 46–53.
Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., Wang, Y., & Reiser, M. (2004). Chinese children’s effortful control and dispositional anger/frustration: relations to parenting styles and children’s social functioning. Developmental Psychology, 40(3), 352.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Humala Simangunsong, Mujuranto Sihotang (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Sosial, Sains, Terapan dan Riset (Sosateris) is licensed under a 